第 45 卷第 6 期 Vol. 45 No. 6 2015 年 12 月 Dec 2015

所属栏目：功能材料 纳米纤维素的制备及其对水性聚氨酯的增强作用

徐晨浩1，王 洁1，黄自知1，胡云楚1*，袁利萍2，卿 彦2，袁光明2，吴义强2 （1. 中南林业科技大学 理学院，湖南 长沙 410004；2. 中南林业科技大学 材料科学与工程学院，湖南长沙 410004）

摘　要：水性聚氨酯以水代替有机溶剂作为分散介质，在带来环境优势的同时降低了力学性能。在探索具有不同微观形貌和尺寸特征纳米纤维素制备技术基础上，研究纳米纤维素形态尺寸对水性聚氨酯的增强作用和机理。结果表明，联合使用机械剪切法和硫酸水解法，调节反应温度和反应时间等工艺条件，可以获得具有不同微观形貌和长度特征的纳米纤维素。当硫酸浓度60%、水解温度55℃、水解时间120 min时，制得纤维素平均长度为0.20 μm，长度在10~100 nm范围内的纳米纤维素达到34%，平均直径约为20 nm，平均长径比为10∶1，纤维呈光滑细长飞梭状。乳化预聚体法制备的纤维素／水性聚氨酯乳液具有较好的储存稳定性，纤维素／水性聚氨酯复合薄膜硬度大幅度提高，拉伸强度达到25.41 MPa，相对于纯水性聚氨酯薄膜强度提高346%。

关键词：纳米纤维素；形貌尺寸；水性聚氨酯；增强作用

中图分类号：TB324　　文献标识码：A　　文章编号：1009-9212（2015）06-0052-05

Preparation of Nano-cellulose and Its Enhancements on Waterborne Polyurethane

XU Chen-hao1, WANG Jie1, HUANG Zi-zhi1, HU Yun-chu1*, YUAN Li-ping2, QING Yan2, YUAN Guang-ming2, WU Yi-qiang2 (1. College of science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; 2. College of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China)

Abstract：Waterborne polyurethane using water as dispersing media replaced the organic solvent, which brings environmental advantage but reduces the mechanical properties. Based on the preparation technology of nano-cellulose with different morphology and size characteristics, this paper studies the enhancement function and mechanism of nano-cellulose with different morphology and size characteristics on waterborne polyurethane. By using mechanical shearing method together with sulphuric acid hydrolysis method, adjusting the reaction temperature and time, the nano-cellulose with different morphology and size characteristics were gained. The nano-cellulose were gained when the concentration of sulfated acid was 60% and hydrolysis at 55℃ for 120 min, the average length of obtained nano-cellulose was 0.2 μm, 34% length of nano-cellulose distributed range 10~100 nm, the average diameter was about 20 nm, the average length-to-diameter ratio was 10:1, all the nano-cellulose presented smooth and long shuttle shape. The nano-cellulose/waterborne polyurethane latex prepared using emulsion polymers method had good storage stability, and the hardness of nano-cellulose/waterborne polyurethane composite film had been greatly improved, the tensile strength reached 25.41 MPa increased 346% compared with pure waterborne polyurethane film.

Key words：nano-cellulose; morphology and size; waterborne polyurethane; enhancement

基金项目： 国家自然科学基金资助项目（31170521），林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目（201504503）。

作者简介： 徐晨浩（1989-），男，硕士研究生，辽宁沈阳人，主要从事应用化学和阻燃材料方面的研究（E-mail：108155389@qq.com）。

联 系 人：胡云楚，教授，主要从事材料化学和木材阻燃研究（E-mail：hucsfu@163.com）。

收稿日期： 2015-07-2