第 52 卷第 2 期 Vol. 52 No. 2 2022 年 4 月 Apr 2022

所属栏目：香精香料 浸渍前处理对水蒸气蒸馏提取樟树叶精油影响研究

杨海宽1，温世钫1，邱凤英1，郭 捷1，邱建平2，许鹏云2 （1. 国家林业草原樟树工程技术研究中心 江西省林业科学院，江西 南昌 330032；2. 德兴市林业局，江西 德兴 334200）

摘　要：研究了浸渍前处理结合水蒸气蒸馏提取樟树芳樟醇化学型叶精油。优化工艺条件：叶片与水质量比1∶10，浸渍温度80 ℃，浸提时间2 h。与传统水蒸气蒸馏法对比，浸渍次数显著影响精油提取率。4次浸渍蒸馏处理后，剩余物中浸渍蒸馏提取精油含量低于总收率5.00%。比较精油化学成分，浸渍前处理获得精油中含氧单萜（OM）、倍半萜烃（SH）和含氧倍半萜（OS）总量基本不变，但剩余物精油化学组成显著变化。浸渍次数增加，芳樟醇含量先增加后减小，第二、三次浸渍获得精油中芳樟醇含量超过96.00%，第四次浸渍获得的精油组分中天然龙脑含量显著增加，达到6.01%。浸渍过程中，精油组分中反式-橙花叔醇含量基本无变化，但剩余物中含量显著增加，达到33.10%。

关键词：浸渍前处理；精油；樟树

中图分类号：TQ35　　文献标识码：A　　文章编号：1009-9212（2022）02-0054-05

Study on the Effect of Dipping Pretreatment for the Steam Distillation Extraction of Essential Oils From Cinnamomum Camphora Leaves

YANG Hai-kuan1, WEN Shi-fang1, QIU Feng-ying1, GUO Jie1, QIU Jian-ping2, XU Peng-yun2 (1.Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiangxi Academy of forestry, Nanchang 330032, China; 2. Dexing Department of Forestry, Dexing 334200, China)

Abstract：A dipping pretreatment for steam distillation technology was developed. The optimum conditions of dipping pretreatment as the followings: the mass ratio of leaves to water was 1∶10; the dipping temperature was 80 ℃, and the dipping time was 2 h. The essential oil extraction recovery was significantly affected by the dipping times in this novel method. The essential oil in the residue materials was less than 5.00% after four dipping pretreatment cycles. The total content of oxygenated monoterpenes (OM), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (SH) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OS) in the essential oil remained essentially unchanged by the dipping pretreatment but was significantly changed in essential oils in the residue materials. With the increasement in the number of dipping times, the content of linalool in the essential oils increased at first and then decreased after three dipping pretreatment applications. Consequently, higher content of linalool in the oils were obtained after the 2nd and 3rd dipping pretreatments with a linalool content higher than 96.00%. Meanwhile, with the increase in the pretreatment times, the borneol content remained was not significantly changed before the 3rd pretreatment but increased significantly after the 4th pretreatment and reached up to 6.01%. With the increase times in the pretreatments, the trans-nerolidol content did not change substantially during the dipping pretreatments but increased significantly in the residue materials with a content up to 33.10%.

Key words：dipping pretreatment; essential oils; cinnamomum camphora

基金项目：江西省科技计划项目（S2018YYYJPYB0245），江西特色林木资源培育与利用协调创新中心子课题。

作者简介：杨海宽（1985—），男，江西吉安人，助理研究员，硕士，研究方向：林产化学加工工程（E-mail：yanghaikuan1985@163.com）。

收稿日期：2021-11-23